Scientific Foundation
Reference Material
These are the published scientific references behind the diseases that ISOBiotech's IPA™ test kits are designed to detect. Our kits are built on validated, peer-reviewed science.
86 disease references — diseases our IPA™ kits are built to detect
Journals including WHO, JAMA, Nature, Lancet
10 disease categories covered by IPA™ test kits
Each reference represents a disease category for which ISOBiotech has developed an IPA™ test kit. The science behind the disease informs every kit we build. All products are for research purposes only.
ISO 13485:2016 Certified
Sexually Transmitted Infections
HPV, Chlamydia & STI Research
Foundational references on HPV strains, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Ureaplasma species.
1
Human papillomavirus and HPV vaccines: A review.
Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:719–726.
2
Clinical utility of human papillomavirus genotyping in cervical cancer screening: A systematic review.
Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 2020;24(1).
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3
Human papillomavirus (HPV) strains 6 and 11 and strains 16 and 18.
Embryo Project Encyclopedia. 2021.
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4
Chlamydia trachomatis as a current health problem: Challenges and opportunities.
Diagnostics. 2022;12(8). doi:10.3390/diagnostics12081795.
5
Chlamydia trachomatis serovars in urogenital and ocular samples collected 2014–2017 from Austrian patients.
Scientific Reports. 2019;9(1):18327.
6
Urogenital chlamydia trachomatis serovars in men and women with a symptomatic or asymptomatic infection.
J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(6):2292–2296.
7
Chlamydia trachomatis: The persistent pathogen.
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 2017;24(10):203.
8
HPV and chlamydia trachomatis co-detection in young asymptomatic women from high incidence area for cervical cancer.
J Med Virol. 2014;86(11):1920–1925.
9
Characterization and trend of co-infection with neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis.
The World Journal of Men's Health. 2019;39(1):107.
10
Sexually transmitted infections detected by multiplex real time PCR in asymptomatic women.
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(09):540–546.
Gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma & Hepatitis
Gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma & Hepatitis Viruses
References covering antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma, and hepatitis B, C, D virus epidemiology and pathogenesis.
11
Multidrug-resistant "super gonorrhea" rallies multipronged effort.
JAMA. 2024;331(20):1695–1697.
View source
12
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease.
Pediatric Medicine. 2019;2:36.
13
Detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae: Validation of a molecular biology tool for rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Antibiotics. 2024;13(11). doi:10.3390/antibiotics13111011.
14
Mycoplasma genitalium infection in men.
J Infect Dis. 2017;216:S396–S405.
15
2021 European guideline on the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(5):641–650.
38
Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection.
Nature Reviews Immunology. 2022;22(1):19–32.
39
Strategies to control hepatitis B: Public policy, epidemiology, vaccine and drugs.
J Hepatol. 2015;62(1):S76–S86.
40
Hepatitis B: The virus and disease.
Hepatology. 2009;49(S5):S13–S21.
44
Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection.
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 2021;45(3):101596.
47
50
The biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses.
Curr Sci. 2010;98:312–325.
Viral Pathogens
Herpes, Epstein-Barr & Viral Disease
Research on HSV-1, HSV-2, Epstein-Barr virus, Lassa fever, Rubella, Mumps, and Zika virus epidemiology and pathogenesis.
33
Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and genital herpes in Australia and New Zealand: Systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regressions.
Epidemiol Infect. 2023;151:e33.
34
Human herpes simplex virus infections: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57(5):737–763.
35
Treatment of herpes simplex virus infections.
Antiviral Res. 2004;61(2):73–81.
51
56
Rubella.
The Lancet. 2022;399(10332):1336–1346.
58
60
Pathogenesis of Zika virus infection.
Annual Review of Pathology. 2023;18:181–203.
61
Vital signs: Update on Zika virus-associated birth defects and evaluation of all US infants with congenital Zika virus exposure.
MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2017;66.
62
Drugs for the treatment of Zika virus infection.
J Med Chem. 2020;63(2):470–489.
Respiratory Viruses
Influenza, RSV & Respiratory Disease
Research on respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, and other respiratory pathogens.
69
Respiratory syncytial virus: A comprehensive review of transmission, pathophysiology, and manifestation.
Cureus. 2023;15(3).
70
Respiratory syncytial virus infection and novel interventions.
Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2023;21(11):734–749.
72
A brief review of influenza virus infection.
J Med Virol. 2021;93(8):4638–4646.
73
Rhinovirus — A true respiratory threat or a common inconvenience of childhood?
Viruses. 2023;15(4). doi:10.3390/v15040825.
76
The silent threat of human metapneumovirus: Clinical challenges and diagnostic insights from a severe pneumonia case.
Microorganisms. 2025;13(1).
77
Ten years of human metapneumovirus research.
Journal of Clinical Virology. 2012;53(2):97–105.
Bacterial Pathogens
Diphtheria, Cholera & Bacterial Disease
Research on Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Vibrio cholerae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
16
2016 European guideline on the management of non-gonococcal urethritis.
Int J STD AIDS. 2016;27(11):928–937.
24
Congenital and opportunistic infections: Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis.
Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2009;14(4):190–199.
79
Interactions between the re-emerging pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae and host cells.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022;23(6). doi:10.3390/ijms23063298.
84
Vibrio cholerae, classification, pathogenesis, immune response, and trends in vaccine development.
Frontiers in Medicine. 2023;10.
85
Sensitivity, specificity, and public-health utility of clinical case definitions based on the signs and symptoms of cholera in Africa.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;98(4):1021–1030.
86
Performance analysis of MEMS sensor for the detection of cholera and diarrhoea.
Microsystem Technologies, Springer. 2018;24.
HIV & Immunology
HIV-1 Research
References on HIV-1 transcriptional regulation, latency, therapy, and treatment strategies.
66
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) transcriptional regulation, latency and therapy in the central nervous system.
Vaccines. 2021;9(11). doi:10.3390/vaccines9111272.
67
Efficacy and safety of switching to the 2-drug regimen dolutegravir/lamivudine versus continuing a 3- or 4-drug regimen for maintaining virologic suppression in adults living with HIV-1: Week 48 results from the SALSA randomized trial.
Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(4):720–729.
68
Human immunodeficiency virus-like particle produced by a vaccinia virus expression vector.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86:8964–8967.
Emerging & Tropical Diseases
Lassa, Zika & Emerging Pathogens
Research on emerging infectious diseases with epidemic and pandemic potential.
52
Lassa fever outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The Lancet Global Health. 2024;12(12):e1962–e1972.
53
Bridging the gap: Using reservoir ecology and human serosurveys to estimate Lassa virus spillover in West Africa.
PLoS Computational Biology. 2021;17(3):e1008811.
54
Clinical sequencing uncovers origins and evolution of Lassa virus.
Cell. 2015;162(4):738–750.
55
A Lassa virus live attenuated vaccine candidate that is safe and efficacious in guinea pigs.
npj Vaccines. 2024;9(1):220.
63
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 Research
References on COVID-19 treatment strategies and viral biology.
64
The development of COVID-19 treatment.
Frontiers in Immunology. 2023;14.
65
Multi-color super-resolution imaging to study human coronavirus RNA during cellular infection.
Cell Rep Methods. 2022;2(2):100170.
Other Pathogens
Additional Scientific References
Additional references covering trichomoniasis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and other pathogens relevant to IPA™ applications.
18
Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: Global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016.
Bull World Health Organ. 2019;97(8):548.
19
Diagnosis and management of Trichomonas vaginalis: Summary of evidence reviewed for the 2021 CDC STI treatment guidelines.
Clin Infect Dis. 2022;74:S152–S161.
22
Trichomoniasis and HIV interactions: A review.
Sex Transm Infect. 2013;89(6):426–433.
57
Effectiveness of a third dose of MMR vaccine for mumps outbreak control.
N Engl J Med. 2017;377(10):947–956.
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